Hypertension
What Is Blood Pressure?
Pressure Created By The Heart As It Pumps Blood Through The Arteries And The Circulatory System.
What Do Blood Pressure Numbers Mean?
Top Number (Systolic)= Pressure While Heart Is Beating
Bottom Number (Diastolic)= Pressure While Heart Is Resting Between Beats
How Can I Tell If I Have High Blood Pressure?
Usually No Symptoms! – “The Silent Killer”
May Have:
Headache
Blurry Vision
Chest Pain
Frequent Urination At Night
Blood Pressure Measurement:
Sphygmomanometer
Systolic Pressure= Pressure When 1st Sound Is Heard
Diastolic Pressure= Pressure When Last Sound Is Heard
Blood Pressure Cuff Size
Small – Children And Small Adults
Average / Large – Overweight And Large Adults
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Blood Pressure Levels:
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BP Category
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Systolic (mmHg)
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Diastolic (mmHg)
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Follow-Up
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Optimal
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< 120
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< 80
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Recheck 2 Years
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Normal
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< 130
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< 85
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Recheck 2 Years
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High Normal
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130 – 139
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85 – 89
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Recheck 1 Year
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Stage 1 (Mild HTN)
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140-159
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90 – 99
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Confirm Within Months
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Stage 2 (Moderate HTN)
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160-179
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100 – 109
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Evaluate Within 1 Month
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Stage 3 (Severe HTN)
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180 Or > 180
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110 Or > 110
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Evaluate Immediately
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What Causes High Blood Pressure?
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Cause Unknown In 90 To 95% Of Cases = Primary Hypertension
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Secondary Hypertension = 5 to 10%
Kidney Abnormalities
Narrowing Of Certain Arteries
Rare Tumors
Adrenal Gland Abnormalities
Pregnancy
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Controllable Risk Factors:
Increased Salt Intake
Obesity
Alcohol
Stress
Lack Of Exercise
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Uncontrollable Risk Factors:
Heredity
Age – Men Between Age 35 And 50
Women After Menopause
Race – 1 Out Of Every 3 African Americans – Higher Incidence In Non-Hispanic Blacks And Mexican Americans
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Women And High Blood Pressure:
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Birth Control Pill
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Pregnancy
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Overweight
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After Menopause
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African Americans
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How Does High Blood Pressure Develop?
Certain Nerve Impulses Cause Arteries To Become Larger (Dilate) Or Smaller (Contract)
If Vessels Wide Open- Blood Flows Easily
If Vessel Narrows- Pressure Inside Increases Causing Hypertension
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What Does High Blood Pressure Do To My Body?
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1.Stroke
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2.Congestive Heart Failure
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3.Kidney Failure
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4.Heart Attack
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5.Heart Rhythm Problems
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6.Aneurysm
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What Can I Do?
High Blood Pressure Is A Lifelong Disease
Blood Pressure Can Be Controlled Not Cured
Controlling Blood Pressure Will Reduce The Risk Of Stroke, Heart Attack, Heart Failure And Kidney Disease
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Loose Weight If Your Overweight
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Get Regular Physical Activity
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Avoid Excessive Alcohol
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Stop Smoking
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Manage Your Stress
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Decrease Salt Intake
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Eat For Heart Health
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Discuss The Use Of Oral Contraceptives With Your Doctor
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Discuss The Use Of Some Medications With Your Doctor
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Ten Commandments For Blood Pressure Control:
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1.Know Your Blood Pressure: Have It Checked Regularly
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2.Know What Your Weight Should Be: Keep It At That Level Or Below
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3.Don’t Use Excessive Salt In Cooking Or At Meals: Avoid Salty Foods
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4.Eat A Low-Fat Diet
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5.Don’t Smoke
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6.Take Your Medicine Exactly As Prescribed: Don’t Run Out Of Pills Even For A Single Day
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7.Keep Your Appointments With The Doctor
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8.Follow Your Doctors Advice About Exercise
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9.Make Certain Family Members Have Their Blood Pressure Checked Regularly
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10.Live A Normal Life In Every Other Way
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